Library

RESOURCE GUIDES

Upper School

Research Paper Tips

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RESEARCH PAPER TIPS

 8th Grade History

January 2010

As you work on your paper, remember that you can always ask one of the librarians for help! Feel free to email either Mrs. Mellin (fmellin[at]pikeschool.org) or Mrs. Griset (lgriset[at]pikeschool.org).

Click here for a pdf copy of The Nuts and Bolts: Bibliography and Parenthetical Notation.

Click here for a pdf copy of a sample Bibliography.

1. Choose Your Topic.

First decide what are you interested in learning more about.
  • What questions do you have about this topic?

Next you need a thesis statement.
  • A good thesis states what you believe and what you plan to prove.
  • You can use What is a Thesis? to help construct a strong thesis statement.
  • Please see your teacher to get your thesis approved.

2. Gather Your Sources.

You must use a minimum of seven sources. (At least three must be non-reference sources.)

Start with an encyclopedia for basic information.

The World Book Encyclopedia Print
Grolier Online
Subscription
(To use from home, click here. You will need to use your Massachusetts public library card number as a password.)
 Wikipedia Free Web
** Use with caution -  information can be inaccurate, so verify with other sources.**


Use online catalogs to find books in local libraries.

InfoCentre  The Pike School Library
 MVLC Merrimack Valley Library Consortium (Andover, Lawrence and other libraries in the Merrimack Valley)
 NOBLE North of Boston Library Exchange (Reading, Lynnfield, Wakefield and other libraries north of Boston)


Search Pike's online subscription databases for biographies or magazine and journal articles written by experts. Below are three excellent choices. (To use them from home, click here. You will need to use your Massachusetts public library card number as a password.)

Biography Resource Center Includes biographies, pictures, and links to relevant web sites.
 InfoTrac OneFile Contains articles from magazines and journals. Full text articles are available from many sources.
eLibrary Find articles from magazines and newspapers as well as transcripts from radio and TV.


Find web sites.
  • Be sure to examine every web site critically. Look at the quality of the information, the background of the author, and any potential bias.
New York Times Search the archives of the paper from 1851 to the present.      http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch
 American Heritage
60 years of archived articles from this well-known American history magazine.  http://www.americanheritage.com
   

Look for Primary Sources.
  • Primary sources are accounts and records of events created at the time the events happened.
  • They can include newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, letters, and memoirs.

Selected Print Sources
Commager, Henry Steele. Documents of American History,Vol I & II. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.

Dudley, William (ed.). Opposing Viewpoints in American History. Vol. 1 & 2. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Selected Online Sources
American Memory Project
Collections from the Library of Congress. (http://memory.loc.gov)

The Avalon Project, Yale Law School
Contains documents relating to American history from the 18th century to the present as well as selected world history documents. Browse by time period or topic. (http://avalon.law.yale.edu/default.asp)

The History Channel Video Gallery
A searchable collection of speeches and video. (http://www.historychannel.com/speeches)

Time Archive: 1923 to Present
Full text articles from Time Magazine.
(
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archives)


3. Gather Information for Your Bibliography.

As you research, use Pike's Bibliography Templates which are based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed., New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2009) to gather information for your bibliography.

Book by Single Author Book by Multiple Authors
Encyclopedia Article
Film or Documentary
   Image Online
Interview You Conducted
Print Periodical Article Periodical Article from an Online Database
Print Work Also Cited on Web
TV or Radio Broadcast
Song Song Online
Work Cited Only On Web Work in an Anthology
    Periodical Article Online NOT from a Database

4. Take Notes.

  • Number your notes to correspond with your sources.
  • Record information accurately.
  • Use your own words – do not copy directly from the text.
  • If using a direct quote or citing a little-known fact, write down the page number.
  • Remember - using someone else’s words without giving credit is plagiarism.    
Taking Notes Using Note Cards
Taking Notes Using 2-Column Note-taking Template
 2-Column Note-taking Template (Word document)
Note Sheet (Word document)
Example of Note Sheet (Word document)

5. Organize Your Information.

The next step is to organize your notes into an outline. This will help you create a thoughtful, logical paper.  

Project Outline
Organizing and Evaluating Your Note Cards

6. Start writing.

Using your notes and your outline as a guide, begin writing. Remember to write in organized paragraphs with a clear topic sentence.     

Paragraph Planning Sheet

7. Using Parenthetical Notes In Your Paper.

When you use a scholar’s idea or a direct quote, you must credit your source. When the information is inserted into the text, it is called parenthetical notes or documentation.     

Using Parenthetical Documentation

8. Write your Bibliography.

Your bibliography is an alphabetical list of all the sources you used for your project.  It needs to follow a specific format.

Formal Bibliography Guide

9. Check Your Work.

This is an important step.
  • Proofread all parts of your project, including your bibliography.
  • Double check the project instructions.
  • Use the assessment guide to make certain you’ve completed all parts of the project.
Assessment Guide

10. You're Done!

Congratulations! Take a minute to think about what went well and where there is room for improvement.

Research Project Instructions

Due Dates:    When each step of the project is due.

  • January 8th, Friday: Thesis statement approved; submit names of four different sources, from at least two of the categories listed below. 
  • January 13th, Wednesday: Submit written research notes, source information for at least four sources, and very rough outline with thesis statement. 
  • January 21st, Thursday: Submit written research notes, source information for at least six sources, and an improved outline with thesis statement.
  • February 4th, Thursday: Rough draft due (with parenthetical notations), with final outline, rough outline, and written research notes.  A rough bibliography is optional.
  • February 18th, Thursday: Final paper due, with cover page, bibliography, final outline and all other materials (written research notes, rough, revised, and final outlines, and rough drafts). Please remember to return all library books.

 Sources:    A minimum of seven items in the bibliography

        List to include at least one from each of the following categories:
  • reference source (for example - print or online encyclopedia)
  • full-length book other than a reference book
  • article from a magazine, newspaper, pamphlet (can be online)
At least 3 of your sources must be non-reference books.

Length:    1,200-1,500 words (5-6 typewritten pages)

General Information:

  • Final report must be double spaced and typewritten (exceptions only by prior arrangement); use size 12 font.
  • Pages must be in a binder or stapled together through the left margin.
  • Report must have a minimum of three parenthetical notations.

Other Important Information:

  • Put all materials in a 10”x13” envelope with your name on the outside.
  • Any material irrelevant to the assignment should be removed from the envelope.
  • Do not discard any work done during the process of preparing your project.   
  • You can be the only typist for your paper; no else is allowed on the keyboard.

Format:    Your paper should be stapled together in the following order:            

Cover page
The research paper itself
Bibliography
Final outline

Your title should be centered on top of the first page, with your first and last names in the upper right corner of the first page; your last name should appear in the upper right corner of every page thereafter.

In addition to the above materials, you will also submit the following on Thursday, February 18th:

  • All your notes:
        Computer note-takers---print out your notes
        Note Card users---either have your notes in a note box/holder or rubber band them together and put in the envelope.
  • Your rough draft
  • The rough draft evaluation sheet
  • All your rough outlines
Click here to download directions as a Word document.